【深度報導】為何近年韓劇愛驅魔?...韓國宗教信仰如何滲入社會影響全國?

追劇魔人0 views 1 min read
Image Source IG | umjeewon
Image Source IG | umjeewon

韓劇從以往車禍、癌症、劈腿等故事情節,到近年來以鬼神、附身、驅魔為主題,大膽挑戰觀眾對恐懼的極限,雖說透過韓劇讓人們對於「神鬼」有更多的認識與想像,但究竟邪教與驅魔對韓國社會影響的原因是什麼呢?

Image Source YT |  OCN
Image Source YT | OCN

提到驅魔文化,不得不提到韓國神秘的本土民間信仰薩滿教「Shamanism」。受到歷史背景的影響,在韓國可以看到佛教、儒教的足跡,至今最多人信奉的宗教是則基督教。

Image Source YT |  OCN
Image Source YT | OCN

目前滿族地區、鄂溫克族地區、南北韓等地仍保有薩滿信仰,巫師被認為是有能力進入「人神」狀態的人,可以預言未來、治療疾病,與靈界溝通等超能力。儀式執行時薩滿會作為一個巫醫、驅魔師、占卜師等進行巫術,台灣部份地區流行的乩童信仰也算是薩滿信仰的一種演化。

Image Source YT |  20th Century Studios Korea
Image Source YT | 20th Century Studios Korea

最經典電影作品的《哭聲》,是一部韓國神魔懸疑片。講述一名的日本人來到村莊後,引發了連續命案死亡事件,在找不出病因下只好找道士作法驅魔,全村陷入混亂事件。

Image Source Twitter|ocn_original
Image Source Twitter|ocn_original

除此之外電影《救救我》、《娑婆訶》、韓劇《被神選中的孩子》、《客:The Guest》、《謗法》,到最近的《驅魔麵館》也都是以驅魔、神鬼為主題的膾炙人口的作品。

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Image Source Twitter|ocn_original
Image Source Twitter|ocn_original

驅魔主題的韓劇之所以廣受歡迎,是因為觀眾對於神秘的事物感到好奇,薩滿信仰最常見的是透過符咒位信眾祈福、驅邪,有著靈性的象徵。也會透過占卜看信眾的前世今生及過去未來。不過最令人有印象的文化應該是「薩滿教的跳大神」,巫師透過跳神與靈界交流,祈福解厄,有時會在刀刃或火上跳舞。

Image Source IG | umjeewon
Image Source IG | umjeewon

其實看到這裡,薩滿信仰頂多就是一個本土民間信仰,和許多國家目前仍存有的傳統信仰沒有太大的差異。是人類在脆弱時的倚靠、在手足無措時的一塊浮木及心靈慰藉,無論有沒有成效,都是在生命遇到難關時的一種機遇。

Image Source | 온라인 커뮤니티
Image Source | 온라인 커뮤니티

今年因新冠肺炎引起了大眾對宗教的重新認識。韓國的基督教發展迅速、勢力強大,卻也容易衍生出不同的教派。目前韓國社會上許多派別早已不是最原先引進的基督教,這與歷史脈絡有關,近代的朝鮮半島被日本殖民、受西方國家侵略,來自西方的基督教在韓國興辦了學校、協助民間事業、為民發聲、建立醫療機構,以便利民眾生活而受到喜愛,傳教士帶著博愛精神為病患治癒,許多民眾體會到西方學術的厲害,便逐步接受了傳教士,並且潛移默化地影響著身邊人。

Image Source IG | jaeuck.kim
Image Source IG | jaeuck.kim

隨著時代的演進,宗教文化也有了改變。許多人打著「基督教」的名號,做出一些傷天害理、不符合倫理道德的事情。例如:1987年,企業家朴順子與31名五花大綁的族人、信眾,自殺於自家工廠屋頂,當年震驚韓國的五大洋集體自殺案。1960年,一个叫文鲜明的教主相信中說到:「誰和教主保持性關係,誰就能生出救世主。」等荒唐的言詞。

Image Source_Twitter | GH_Park
Image Source_Twitter | GH_Park

就連前總統朴槿惠也因為受「永生教」創始人崔太敏的女兒崔順實影響耽誤國務,更傳出由閨蜜崔順實干擾國政,朴槿惠只是一個被操弄的魁儡。

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Image Source_Twitter | GH_Park
Image Source_Twitter | GH_Park

韓國人個性性急,社會結構變化快,若未能迅速適應巨變的時代,加上在貧富差距大、階級顯明的環境下,很容易在內心及情緒上感覺空虛,此時就需要信仰來支撐他們的生活,至少要有那麼一個人讓他們相信。

Image Source  | 문화체육관광부
Image Source | 문화체육관광부

無論生活、文化、經濟、政治各方面都受到宗教影響的韓國,根據2015年韓國統計處的報導,宗教信仰人口佔了44%,而其中基督教佔宗教信仰人口內近45%的比例,相當於將近二分之一的韓國人都有信仰宗教的習慣。人們有「信仰」不是件壞事,心靈得以被寄託,生活也過得更充實,但若信仰最初的善意宗旨被破壞,遭有心人士操弄成為騙財騙色的手段、影響了正常的身心靈的話,就會成為社會問題,而讓大眾再次審視「宗教」的存在價值。

追劇魔人

追劇魔人

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